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Pitching Under Pressure

Posted in Pitching with tags , , , , , , , , , , , , on September 10, 2013 by oriolesprovingground

The following post was written by Doug Nickerson, who is a frequent contributor at Orioles Proving Ground.  

As a continuation of my previous post on the Orioles’ ability to handle pressure, I am now diving into the pitching staff.  I wanted to determine which pitcher had consistently been able to succeed when the game was on the line.  Some starters are able to rise to the occasion and match the opposing pitcher shutout inning for shutout inning in a game that is a must win.  Sometimes that same pitcher is spotted a big lead, then slowly lets the other team right back into the game and then miraculously turns it around to pitch better when the game gets closer.

Unlike hitters, where OBP generally encompasses a batter’s ability to keep the inning rolling and scoring runs, I had a hard time finding one stat that would be the equivalent for a pitcher.  Inherent in all pitching statistics is the variability element of the fielding behind the pitcher.  With a poor fielding team behind him, the pitcher might react more stressed than if he knows he can trust his defense to make the plays.   This led me to having difficulty in selecting which statistic to compare the pitchers in high, medium, and low leverage situations.  Ultimately, I had to decide on reviewing multiple factors depending on the type of pitcher (starter vs. reliever).  For starters I looked at ERA, while for relievers I also factored in the percent of inherited runners that scored, since part of the relievers role is to bailout the starter and finish the inning without allowing any runs. Continue reading

Who is the Most Clutch Oriole?

Posted in Offense with tags , , , , , , , on August 23, 2013 by oriolesprovingground

The following post was written by Doug Nickerson as a guest post for Orioles Proving Ground.  Nickerson grew up as a Red Sox fan on Cape Cod, MA and is looking forward to writing about the Orioles with his knowledge of the AL East from a non-emotional perspective.  He moved to the DC area last August, and while he loves the city, he hates humidity and traffic.

In watching so many games this year with the purpose of evaluating the players instead of solely enjoying the beauty of the game, many ideas have percolated from the frustrations of watching teams struggle to score, while others seem to score with ease.  Now obviously some matchups are lopsided causing teams to either easily run up the score or look helpless at the dish.  But the real question I ask myself is, what is the relationship between being good and being able to perform under pressure?

On the surface, the Orioles haven’t been able to turn it on when it counts this year compared to last year, especially when considering their record in 1 run games has gone from 29-9 in 2012 to 14-22 this year.  What’s the cause of this? Is it purely luck? Did last year’s team have nerves of steel compared to this year or is it just the law of averages taking its course?

To compare this year and last year, I needed to look at clutch stats.  The easiest to compare is baseball-reference.com’s “clutch” stat, which is based on its win probability stat and average leverage index.  The clutch stat normalizes these numbers so that a player with a clutch rating of 0 is an average player and a positive or negative rating is more or less clutch, respectively.  Let’s take a look at the offensive numbers (I included guys with at least 45 ABs for the season).

2013 Clutch Rating

2012 Clutch Rating

Chris Davis

1.7

Adam Jones

1

Chris Dickerson

1.1

Taylor Teagarden

0.7

Adam Jones

1.1

Nate McLouth

0.6

Nick Markakis

0.7

Jim Thome

0.6

Steve Pearce

0.7

Mark Reynolds

0.4

Brian Roberts

0.6

Steven Tolleson

0.4

Alexi Casilla

0.5

Chris Davis

0.2

Manny Machado

0.4

Manny Machado

0.2

Danny Valencia

0.4

Matt Wieters

0.1

Yamaico Navarro

0.1

Steve Pearce

0.1

Travis Ishikawa

0

Nolan Reimold

0.1

Taylor Teagarden

0

J.J. Hardy

0

Henry Urrutia

0

Nick Markakis

0

Chris Snyder

-0.1

Endy Chavez

0

Nolan Reimold

-0.2

Brian Roberts

0

Nate McLouth

-0.3

Ryan Flaherty

-0.1

Matt Wieters

-0.4

Ronny Paulino

-0.1

J.J. Hardy

-0.5

Xavier Avery

-0.2

Ryan Flaherty

-0.8

Nick Johnson

-0.2

Omar Quintanilla

-0.3

Lew Ford

-0.4

Robert Andino

-0.7

Wilson Betemit

-0.9

Now, as expected, Chris Davis is the most clutch player on the 2013 team and that’s a reason why he is rightfully in the MVP race.  The surprising results of this stat is that 3 regulars are considered the most clutch hitters on the team (Davis, Jones, Markakis) and 3 regulars are considered to wilt during the big moments (McLouth, Wieters, Hardy) for the 2013 season.  When compared to last year’s team, only 2 players that got regular starts (Andino and Betemit with over 350 ABs each) had a negative rating.  This could be a potential reason for the drastic change in their record in 1 run games.  However, now the question arises as to how much are they affected by the big situation?  How much does 0.1 clutch point reflect into a player’s OBP in high leverage situations? Is it substantial, where all hope is lost if there are two outs, man on third, and the game is tied in the late innings? I find the clutch stat to be interesting but it leads me to more questions.

Now let’s take a look at each players OBP in different leverage situations to see if there is anything substantial.  I used OBP as a comparison, to measure the ability to keep the inning alive as critical to increasing your opportunity to score runs.  It is also a clean stat that is taken directly from the field and not manipulated in any way, unlike win probability, runs created, etc.

OBP Clutch Graph

From the chart, it can be seen that Nick Markakis is the most clutch batter on the team in getting on base in high pressure situations this year.  He also has nerves of steel as his OBP rises almost 100 points from his average when he is in a high leverage situation.  Matt Wieters appears to be deserving of his low clutch rating due to his drastically low OBP in high leverage situations.  However, the same can’t be said for J.J. Hardy or Nate McLouth.  Both are roughly the same or above their 2013 OBP average in high leverage situations, making them fairly clutch relative to themselves in low-pressure situations.  Five of six regular Orioles perform better when the pressure is on them to succeed.  This causes me to believe that the clutch rating stat has to be taken with a grain of salt when looking for it to translate onto the field.

With this in mind, I’ll look into the team’s clutch pitching numbers with my next post to see how the 2013 team is comparing to last year’s.

Orioles Trade Options at the Deadline: Reliever Wishlist

Posted in Pitching, Trades with tags , , , on July 26, 2013 by oriolesprovingground

The following post was written by Doug Nickerson as a guest post for Orioles Proving Ground.  Nickerson grew up as a Red Sox fan on Cape Cod, MA and is looking forward to writing about the Orioles with his knowledge of the AL East from a non-emotional perspective.  He moved to the DC area last August, and while he loves the city, he hates humidity and traffic.

With the non-waiver trade deadline about a week away here is a quick rundown of my reliever wish list.  The Orioles bullpen has pitched well since the All-Star break but due to their early season performance and the importance of having a dependable bullpen for a stretch run, I wanted to look further into this.

**Note: At the time of finishing this article, Baltimore traded for Francisco Rodriguez.  This probably means they are done trading for relievers but this post was just about done so keep reading to see what could have been their other options**

With the weak trade market, as poignantly described by Jayson Stark at ESPN , I figure the best deals are going to be the ones that are made with little fanfare.  Therefore, I looked into players who are flying under the radar but could make a big impact. I’m also looking at realistically available relievers to fortify the O’s pen.  Therefore, I won’t be making suggestions like Mariano Rivera, Jason Grilli, or Craig Kimbrel.

Love to have if Peter Angelos cost wasn’t a factor:

Steve Cishek – A high cost in prospects and then rising salary cost as arbitration eligible.  Would love for O’s to have him, as over his last 11 outings he’s posted a 2.38 ERA, 0.84 FIP, and a 52% GB rate with a .296 BABIP.  In front of the Orioles strong defense, he could be a lethal end of game asset.

Glen Perkins – Twins have publically stated that it’d take an extremely high cost in prospects to acquire.  However, his contract is reasonable $10.3M / 3 Years (2013 – 2015) + 1 option year.  His high acquisition cost might be a good thing to ward off the Orioles.  He’s having a career year with his K/9, BB/9, ERA and FIP all at career bests.  At such a high cost, he comes with a risk of buying too high and he’ll retreat back to a respectable but not All-Star level.

Scott Downs – LA would be looking to get as many quality prospects back as possible if they fall further out of contention.  If they cover a decent percent of remaining $5M contract then prospect cost will obviously go up.  LA also might view him as a higher value asset because as a pending free agent they would lose out on a compensation pick if he qualifies and leaves.  He’s a rarity as he’s been a year to year consistent performer out of the bullpen.  He can get out righties when he has to (RH AVG 0.245) but he’s a better lefty specialist, LH AVG .200.

Bobby Parnell – He is the Mets’ Glen Perkins, although he isn’t having a career year like Perkins.  He’d most likely cost a lot in prospects as the Mets look to build toward the future.  Has a dominate fastball that peaks at 102 MPH and induces a lot of GBs (2013: 52%) and a modest K/9 of 8.00 this year.  Considering his BABIP this year is a career low, .256, which would indicate his career low 2.35 ERA isn’t sustainable, his asking price is going to be high due to having a big fastball on a rebuilding team in a weak market.

Tyler Clippard –The most consistent reliever for the Nats since 2009.  Would be buying high as his BABIP and ERA are at a career lows.  His K/9 and BB/9 are heading in the wrong direction from the previous two seasons.  However, with the Nationals fading fast, GM Rizzo might be willing to listen to offers to rebuild their weak upper farm system.

Could easily be traded:

Jesse Crain – Complicated situation.  He’s coming off injury but also was named an All Star this year.  Likely to be used by White Sox regularly over the next week to prove he is injury free to increase price.  He appears to be tailor made for Camden Yards.  Induces high ground ball rate but has increased his K/BB rate to make him more reliable and versatile at the end of games.

Javier Lopez – Lefty specialist who has pitched in AL East with success.  He has pitched for 3 World Series winners (Bos. ’07, SF ’10 & ’12).  He’s a GB pitcher with a 62.5% rate.  His down side is he is solely one dimensional as lefties it only .172 while righties hit .265.

Drew Storen – Never heard a specific rumor but from watching him he needs a change of scenery.  His velocity has only lost a little bit but he lacks mound presence to translate his talent to outs consistently.

Francisco Rodriguez – He is a FB pitcher, who last year had a terrible year for his reputation as a dominate bullpen guy.  His peak velocity is down but he’s throwing more fastballs to keep batters off balance when he throws his changeup and curveball.  This is a similar strategy to what he did in his last successful year in 2011.  I thought before the trade that K-Rod was a high risk, high reward proposition because of his smoke and mirrors success, as seen from his .250 BABIP and 3.09 FIP vs. 1.09 ERA.  If Buck can use him in the right situations to maximize him, I think its quality acquisition but I think there were better options out there.

As described by Keith Law at ESPN (Insider required) the Orioles only gave up a high A player, Nick Delmonico.  I disagree with Law as I think a player that isn’t one of the team’s top prospects for a veteran reliever who can help you down the stretch is a fair trade.  I think you make this trade 9 out of 10 times.  That prospect could turn into the next Jeff Bagwell, but considering they have Manny Machado at 3rd and Chris Davis at 1st, it’s a risk worth taking.

Under the Radar:

LaTroy Hawkins – Yes, he is still pitching.  Looking at his numbers, I wanted to say he’s having a resurgence but a closer look shows he’s been producing these consistent numbers over the past 15+ years.  I know he’s been a NL pitcher for 7.5 of the past 10 seasons, which was my biggest concern going into this investigation.  Can he handle the offensive rigors of the AL and especially the AL East?  2012 was his first stint in the AL since being with the Yankees in 2008.  His half season with the Yankees was forgettable, he produced one of the highest FIPs of his career, 4.21, and BB/9, 3.73, was almost a full walk above his career average.  With the Angels he performed better, closer to his career averages. The most optimistic sign for the Orioles is that Hawkins has remade himself into a ground ball pitcher.  In the last 4 seasons his GB/FB ratio has averaged in the 2.1 range, which is an increase the 1.1 he averaged in the early 2000s.  This year he has pitched better in high leverage situations than low leverage, therefore, the hope would be it translates to a team in a pennant race.

Casey Fien – He is having his second impressive year out of the Twins pen.  This is also impressive considering he has pitched drastically different than last year by mixing his fastball, slider, and changeup with almost equal proportions.  His improvement has caused him to gain more responsibilities in the Minnesota bullpen as he’s advanced to sharing the 8th inning duties. While he’s improved his BB/9 (1.70) and K/9 (9.57), he’s quickly approaching his most innings pitched since 2010 which could be cause for concern as he might fade down the stretch.  He will be due a raise at the end of this season (currently making the league minimum), and could be a quality asset for future seasons if resigned.

Joe Thatcher – Out in San Diego where they breed relievers, Thatcher is having an outstanding year as a lefty specialist.  He has reduced his BB/9 to 1.29 while also yielding a 2.25 ERA and 2.98 FIP.  His .285 BABIP shows his numbers are sustainable while he has pitch 40% of his innings this year against righties, he has let up a .298 AVG against them.  If limited to just lefties, he can be highly effective as seen from his .194 AVG against.

Orioles Trade Options at the Deadline: Oliver Perez

Posted in Pitching, Trades, Uncategorized with tags , , , , , on July 18, 2013 by oriolesprovingground

The following post was written by Doug Nickerson in the very first guest post for Orioles Proving Ground.  Nickerson grew up as a Red Sox fan on Cape Cod, MA and is looking forward to writing about the Orioles with his knowledge of the AL East from a non-emotional perspective.  He moved to the DC area last August, and while he loves the city, he hates humidity and traffic.

Hi Orioles Fans!  Thanks for coming to Orioles Proving Ground.  This is my first contribution to OriolesPG; I hope you find it insightful and please let me know what you think.

As mentioned in Nate’s earlier post on laying out the needs of the Orioles coming into July, Baltimore needs pitching, pitching, and then more pitching. Dan Duquette looked to secure the back half of his rotation by acquiring starter Scott Feldman from the Cubs.  With the return of Wei-Yin Chen from the disabled list, and hopefully an improvement from either Jason Hammel (a FIP of 6.99 since June 1st says probably not), Zach Britton (pitched well but not far into games since June 18th with a high GB% of 54% and a BABIP of .282, and was optioned to AAA on July 9), or Kevin Gausman (pitched well out of the ‘pen but mixed results as a starter, and also optioned to AAA on July 9) the rotation will be stable and dependable 1-5.

That leaves the bullpen as a glaring need for improvement.  As with every year, teams in contention are looking for bullpen help as relievers performance can be fickle.  With the addition of another wildcard playoff spot, more teams are in contention and fewer teams are looking to sell.  Thus basic supply and demand can drive up the cost of these trade assets.  The Orioles will not be looking to be on the wrong end of a trade as the infamous Heathcliff Slocumb for Jason Varitek and Derek Lowe in 1997, or to a lesser extent, the Eric Gagne (horrific after trade) and cash (unneeded but best thing the Red Sox got) for David Murphy (a serviceable 10.2 WAR since trade), Kason Gabbard (forgettable), and Engel Beltre (23 and just called up to majors this week) trade.

Many rumors are circulating that the Orioles are looking into Oliver Perez.  I find this a high risk/high reward proposition for the Orioles.  Perez has done an amazing job re-making himself into a very good left-handed reliever in the last two years.  Thus, he also has a small sample size, which can give misleading data for a reliever.  However, this year he has held left handed batters to a .250 AVG while keeping right handed batters to an even lower .171 AVG.  This is exactly what the Orioles could use out of their ‘pen.  Darren O’Day, Brian Matusz, and Tommy Hunter have been tough on same side match ups but have done poorly against opposite handed batters.  The other mainstays of the bullpen have been mediocre to borderline bad to either side of the plate.  As seen from the chart below:

   

Split

IP

AVG

BABIP

FIP

xFIP

Darren O’Day

RHP

vs L

14.2

0.312

0.362

4.63

4.48

vs R

27

0.161

0.213

2.80

3.29

Brian Matusz

LHP

vs L

22.2

0.141

0.167

2.80

3.07

vs R

13.1

0.321

0.354

4.56

5.16

Tommy Hunter

RHP

vs L

24.1

0.278

0.263

6.14

4.42

vs R

28

0.118

0.162

2.02

3.43

T.J. McFarland

LHP

vs L

20

0.263

0.333

3.16

2.47

vs R

28

0.265

0.306

3.63

4.47

Troy Patton

LHP

vs L

16.2

0.269

0.278

4.56

3.9

vs R

22.1

0.277

0.333

3.82

4.62

Jim Johnson

RHP

vs L

24.1

0.250

0.296

3.92

3.83

vs R

19.1

0.264

0.333

3.22

3.49

Although Perez’s stats look great now, they do come with an asterisk of caution.  The issue is Perez’s pitching style.  He is a strikeout-flyball pitcher.  His HR/FB ratio has been 7.9% which is slightly better than the league average of 9.8%.  This number is not alarming since he’s playing half of his games at the deep caverns of SafeCo Field and all of his home runs allowed have been at home to right handed batters.  However, his FB% is much higher than the league average, 49.4% vs. 35.4%, and his career average is 47.4%.  With 32 of the final 66 games at home and 12 of the 34 away games being played at flyball unfriendly stadiums (Fenway, Yankee Stadium, Toronto), it can be assumed that his HR/FB ratio would increase with the Orioles.  Having Perez implode with a high HR/FB ratio is the biggest risk the Orioles would be taking in acquiring him.

Adding to his list of positives, Oliver Perez has an attractive contract to the Baltimore organization.  He is in the middle of a 1 year deal for $1.5 million for which they would only be responsible for the prorated remainder.  Trading for Perez, the Orioles would be wise to only offer a lower level prospect, maybe someone they rank no higher than their 15th best prospect, due to the lack of draft compensation if Perez leaves via free agency. This is a distinct possibility, especially if he continues to play as he has since becoming a reliever, he could play himself into a bigger contract that the Orioles would be unwilling to give him.  With only 2 more weeks until the non-waiver trade deadline, look out for more analysis on potential bullpen additions to the Orioles bullpen.